22/09/2026
UPI is changing on October 15, 2026 , and almost everyone is misreading what changes.
Here is the actual breakdown:
FREE for you (personal transfers): Person-to-person UPI transfers (sending money to family or friends) stay free. At any amount. Forever. This does not change.
FREE for small businesses: Merchants receiving less than Rs 1 lakh/month via UPI QR codes pay zero MDR. Most kirana stores, local shops, auto-wallahs, small vendors , nothing changes.
Special rates for certain sectors: Railways, fuel, agriculture inputs, telecom, insurance , flat Rs 5 per transaction above Rs 2,000. Not 0.4%.
Who actually pays: Large merchants with high UPI volumes (above Rs 1L/month) and individual transactions above Rs 2,000 pay 0.4% MDR, capped at Rs 300 per transaction. This fee goes to banks and payment apps , not the government , to fund UPI infrastructure.
Important: Merchants CANNOT charge you extra for paying by UPI. The government guidelines explicitly prohibit passing MDR on to customers.
For GST-registered business owners: The MDR fee has 18% GST on it. If your GSTIN is registered with your bank, you can claim that GST as input tax credit. Register your GSTIN with your bank before October 15 to ensure the first month's MDR GST shows up in your GSTR-2B.
Full breakdown with rupee examples and ITC recovery steps:
From October 15, 2026, a 0.4% MDR applies to some UPI merchant payments above Rs 2,000. Who pays, the Rs 300 cap, 18% GST on MDR, ITC, and worked examples.