15/07/2026
The bank overdraft (OD) is the most misunderstood working capital product in India.
Every banker pitches it as flexibility. "Use only what you need, pay only on what you use." And yes — that is true. But there are three things they do not tell you.
1: You pay whether you use it actively or not.
Most OD accounts have a commitment fee or non-utilisation fee of 0.5-1% per annum on the unused limit. If you have a Rs 50L OD limit and use only Rs 20L, you pay interest on Rs 20L plus a fee on the Rs 30L you did not use.
2: The interest compounds daily.
OD interest is calculated on the daily debit balance. If your account is in debit for 28 of 30 days in a month, you pay for all 28 days — even if you deposited money on Day 29.
3: The limit is collateral-linked, not invoice-linked.
Your OD limit is based on the property or fixed deposit you pledged. It does not grow as your business grows. So a Rs 1 crore turnover business and a Rs 5 crore turnover business might have the same Rs 50L OD limit — because neither has pledged more collateral.
Where OD works well: it is a great buffer for 5-7 day gaps. Payroll is due, one big collection is coming in 4 days. Dip into OD for 4 days, repay immediately.
Where OD fails: when it becomes the permanent solution. When the OD is always near its limit, always being rolled over, always being used for 20-30 day gaps. At that point you are paying 14-16% annually on an ongoing working capital need that invoice discounting would solve at a lower cost and without collateral.
An OD is a great emergency tap. It is a terrible main water source.