12/12/2023
Starting in 2024, you can use a 529 plan to contribute to your Roth despite annual income limits
The SECURE 2.0 Act authorized the ability to do a tax-free and penalty-free 529 plan to Roth IRA rollover starting January 1, 2024. The 529 plan must have been maintained for the beneficiary (you can be the beneficiary of your own 529 plan) for at least 15 years, and no funds contributed in the last five years can be transferred to a Roth IRA.
The maximum amount that can be transferred in a tax year is the annual IRA limit based on earned income; however, the Roth IRA income limitations do not apply to this provision. There is a lifetime 529 plan to Roth IRA rollover amount of $35,000 per individual.
A taxpayer with unused 529 plan funds should use this rollover mechanism as their primary way of funding their Roth IRA starting in 2024. They should not contribute directly to a Roth IRA until they either have exhausted the 529 plan funds or reached the $35,000 lifetime maximum.
Some forward planning is required to do this, but it’s a pretty good deal for those who have the time.